Cause of Superoxide and cracked Roots of Radish and ways for Prevention

Superoxide and cracked roots of radish is the common phenomenon in cultivation, and the important problem which affects the yield and quality of radish.
Fleshy root has lateral roots, in the normal culture conditions, these lateral roots will not expand. However, in exceptional conditions, the lateral roots can enlarge and form two or more decentralization. If the plow layer is too shallow, the downward growth of the fleshy root will be inhabited and deformed root will occur.
1, soil conditions: if the soil is mixed with stones, bricks , other special hardware, plastics, glass and other items, the normal elongation of the root will be impeded if the main root encountered these substances and deformed root will occur. The expansion of radish main root requires soil aeration, and a high oxygen content, if there are excessive soil moisture, bad ventilation, and the physical squeeze will inhibit the expansion of main root.
2, The fertilizer condition. If there are large amounts of compost manure, livestock waste and other organic fertilizers, it is easy to form the deformed roots.
3, The temperature condition. The sowing period of radish is from November to April of the next year, and during this period the temperature is low, and continuous irrigation will make it easy to form permafrost layer, so improve the water, temperature contradictions and keep the normal growth of the radish is important.
4, soil insects and other soil pests in the soil will also inhibite the normal growth of the roots, and accelerate the occurrence of deformed roots.
Impropriate cultivation mismanagement will also lead to the abnormal fleshy root. For example, it is easier for sparse planting to form deformed roots than close planting.